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    Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Central Tendency  are statistical measures used to identify the  central or typical value of a dataset . They summarize a large set of data into a  single representative value . The three main measures are: Mean (Arithmetic Mean) Median Mode 1. Definition Measures of Central Tendency: Measures of central tendency are statistical techniques used to determine the  central, average, or representative value of a dataset around which the data are distributed . In educational research and classroom assessment, these measures help teachers  summarize student performance, analyze test scores, and interpret learning outcomes. 2. Characteristics of a Good Measure of Central Tendency A good measure of central tendency should have the following characteristics: Rigidly Defined The measure should have a clear and definite definition. Easy to Understand and Compute ...

  In statistics, Skewness and Kurtosis describe the shape of a distribution curve . They are very useful in educational research, psychological testing , and classroom assessment —areas closely related to your work in education and research. 1. Skewness Skewness measures the  asymmetry  of a probability distribution. It tells us if the data is shifted to one side. Meaning Skewness refers to the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean . If the data are not evenly distributed on both sides of the mean, the distribution is said to be skewed . Properties of Skewness Measures asymmetry of the frequency distribution. In a perfectly symmetrical distribution , skewness = 0 . Indicates direction of deviation from normal distribution. Shows the relative position of Mean, Median and Mode . Helps identify extreme scores or outliers . Used to check normality of data before applying parametric statistics. Types of Skewness 1. Symmetrical Distribution Mean = Median =...