IDEALISM
IDEALISM: A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION 1. Introduction to Idealism Idealism is one of the oldest and most influential philosophies in the history of human thought. It asserts that ideas, mind, or spirit are the ultimate realities of the universe. The physical world is secondary, while consciousness, values, and ideals are primary. In simple terms: “Reality is mental or spiritual, not material.” Idealism upholds values such as truth, beauty, goodness, morality, and spirituality, considering them eternal and absolute. 2. History of Idealistic Philosophy a) Origin Idealism originated in the Vedic and Upanishadic traditions (India) and Greek philosophy (West). Both civilizations independently developed the notion that the ultimate truth is spiritual, not material . b) Development Through Ages Ancient Indian Idealism Upanishads : Brahman (ultimate reality) is pure consciousness. Advaita Vedanta (Śaṅkara) : World is Maya (illusion); Brahman alone is real. Buddhism (Yogachara School) : R...