Indian Knowledge System (IKS)


 Indian Knowledge System (IKS)

Indian Knowledge System (IKS) refers to the rich, diverse, and holistic knowledge traditions that have evolved in India over thousands of years. It includes indigenous philosophies, sciences, technologies, arts, health systems, social practices, and educational methods developed through experiential learning, observation, and intellectual inquiry.

IKS is not just ancient knowledge, but a continuously evolving system that integrates tradition with modern innovation.

Key Features of IKS

1. Holistic and Integrated Approach

  • Sees knowledge as interconnected: science, art, ethics, health, environment, and spirituality function together.
  • Emphasizes harmony between body, mind, environment, and society.

2. Rooted in Indian Philosophical Thought

  • Based on principles from Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Buddhist and Jain texts, and classical literature.
  • Encourages values like truth, non-violence, duty, discipline, self-knowledge, and social welfare.

3. Indigenous Scientific and Technological Knowledge

Includes:

  • Mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Kerala school)
  • Astronomy (Surya Siddhanta, precise planetary calculations)
  • Ayurveda & Siddha medicine
  • Yoga and meditation
  • Architecture (Vastu Shastra)
  • Agriculture and water management (tanks, stepwells, organic farming)
  • Metallurgy (e.g., rust-free Delhi Iron Pillar)

4. Linguistic and Literary Knowledge

  • Classical languages: Sanskrit, Tamil, Pali, Prakrit.
  • Grammar systems such as Panini’s Ashtadhyayi (most scientific grammar).
  • Rich traditions of poetry, drama, Kavyas, and Sangam literature.

5. Arts, Music, and Culture

  • Classical music systems – Carnatic and Hindustani
  • Dance forms, sculpture, paintings
  • Folk knowledge and local wisdom

6. Sustainable and Ecological Practices

  • Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK): conservation, biodiversity, herbal medicine.
  • Community-based water and land management.

7. Education Systems

  • Gurukula system focusing on character, discipline, and life skills.
  • Nalanda, Takshashila, Kanchipuram – ancient universities.
  • Orientation towards application, ethics, and spiritual growth.

Modern Revival & Policy Focus

The Government of India, especially through NEP 2020, emphasizes:

  • Integrating IKS into school and higher education
  • Establishing IKS centres under AICTE
  • Research in traditional medicine, mathematics, art, and environmental wisdom
  • Publishing traditional manuscripts and digital archives

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