Policy Initiative by Central and State Government

 Policy Initiative by Central and State Government


Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP)

Launched: 22 January 2015
Ministries Involved:

1.     Ministry of Women & Child Development (MWCD) – Nodal Ministry

2.     Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW)

3.     Ministry of Education (MoE)

Meaning

“Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao” means Save the Girl Child, Educate the Girl Child.
It is a national campaign aimed at addressing female foeticide, declining child sex ratio, and promoting girls’ education and empowerment.

Objectives of BBBP

1. Prevent Gender-biased Sex Selection

·        Stop female foeticide and infanticide

·        Strict implementation of the PCPNDT Act

2. Ensure Survival & Protection of the Girl Child

·        Improve health and nutrition of girls

·        Prevent child marriage

·        Reduce gender-based discrimination

3. Promote Education of the Girl Child

·        Increase enrolment of girls in schools

·        Reduce dropout rate

·        Promote higher education and scholarship schemes for girls

Key Components of the Programme

1. Advocacy & Awareness

·        National and state-level campaigns

·        Media mobilisation

·        Community participation

·        Social message promotions

2. Multi-Sectoral Interventions

·        Early childhood care

·        Health check-ups

·        Immunisation

·        Anganwadi support

3. Education Initiatives

·        Construction of girls' toilets in schools

·        Free uniforms, books

·        Girl-child scholarships

·        Encouraging STEM education for girls

4. Enforcement of Laws

·        PCPNDT Act (Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques)

·        Protection of women & girl children

Achievements of BBBP

·        Improved child sex ratio in many districts

·        Increased enrolment of girls at primary and secondary levels

·        Higher awareness about girl-child safety

·        Better sanitation and girl-friendly school infrastructure

Challenges

·        Deep-rooted gender bias

·        Social practices like dowry

·        Unequal educational opportunities

·        Need for stronger monitoring at district levels

Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao is a landmark initiative to empower girls, protect their rights, and enhance their educational opportunities. Through community participation, legal protection, and improved access to health and education, this programme promotes gender equality and social transformation in India.


Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)

Launched: 2 October 2014
By: Government of India
Objective: To achieve universal sanitation coverage and create a clean, garbage-free India.

Major Objectives

·        Eliminate open defecation

·        Construct household and community toilets

·        Promote solid and liquid waste management

·        Create awareness about hygiene and cleanliness

·        Encourage behavioural change through community participation

·        Make cities and villages Open Defecation Free (ODF)

Key Components

1. Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin (SBM-G)

·        Focus on rural sanitation

·        Constructed over 11 crore household toilets

·        All states declared ODF status by 2019

2. Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U)

·        Cleanliness of cities and towns

·        Scientific waste management

·        Door-to-door garbage collection

·        Smart waste processing methods like composting & waste-to-energy

Phase II (2020–2025) – Current Focus

·        ODF+ and ODF++: Sustaining toilet usage, improving faecal sludge treatment

·        Plastic waste management

·        Grey water management

·        Segregation of waste at source

·        Beautification of public spaces

Initiatives Under Swachh Bharat

·        Swachh Survekshan – Annual cleanliness survey of cities

·        Star Rating of Garbage-Free Cities

·        Community participation through Swachhata Apps

·        Ban on Single-use Plastics

·        Gandagi Mukt Bharat Campaigns

·        Swachhta Hi Seva Movement

Achievements

·        India declared ODF in 2019

·        Toilets built significantly improved health and safety

·        Urban waste management improved in major cities

·        Increased public awareness about cleanliness

·        Ranked improvements in urban sanitation indices

Challenges

·        Maintaining ODF status (behavioural change)

·        Waste segregation at household level still low

·        Scientific disposal of solid waste

·        Managing plastic and e-waste

·        Ensuring adequate sanitation in slums and remote areas


Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan

Launched: 2014
By: Ministry of Human Resource Development (now MoE)
Aim: To ensure that every school in India has functional sanitation facilities and promotes a clean, safe, and hygienic learning environment.

Objectives

·        Provide separate functional toilets for boys and girls.

·        Ensure adequate handwashing facilities with soap.

·        Promote school hygiene and sanitation education.

·        Ensure clean drinking water and maintenance of school campus.

·        Create behavioural change among students towards cleanliness.

·        Involve the community, teachers, and parents to sustain cleanliness.

Key Components

1. Swachh Vidyalaya Puraskar (SVP)

·        National-level awards to schools for cleanliness excellence.

·        Evaluation based on:

o   Water

o   Toilets

o   Handwashing

o   Waste management

o   Operations & maintenance

2. School Sanitation Infrastructure

·        Construction of:

o   Girl and boy toilets

o   CWSN-friendly toilets

o   Handwashing stations

o   Incinerators for menstrual hygiene

Swachh Vidyalaya Campaign Activities

·        Daily sweeping and cleaning of classrooms, toilets & school premises

·        Observing Swachhta Pakhwada (fortnight cleanliness drive)

·        Rallies, street plays, posters on hygiene awareness

·        Handwashing sessions (especially before Mid-Day Meal)

·        Waste segregation (dry & wet waste)

·        Maintenance of greenery and school gardens

Achievements

·        Built 4.17 lakh toilets in one year (2014–2015).

·        Nearly all government schools have separate toilets for boys and girls.

·        Improved hygiene attitudes among students.

·        Reduction in absenteeism, especially among adolescent girls.

 

Challenges

·        Maintenance of toilets and water supply

·        Lack of sanitation workers in rural schools

·        Sustaining behaviour change

·        Effective waste management in all schools

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