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    What is Manson's Model? Manson's Model  is a  teacher effectiveness model  developed by Gary Manson in 1982. It is structured around the  Presage–Process–Product (PPP) paradigm , a classic research framework used to study teaching and learning. The model posits that effective teaching (the  Product ) is the result of a dynamic interplay between teacher characteristics (Presage) and classroom interactions ( Process ). History & Origins Developer:   Gary Manson , a researcher in geography education and teacher effectiveness. Publication Year:  1982, detailed in his chapter "A Synthesis of Research in Teacher Effectiveness" for the Journal of Teacher Education and other educational research publications. Intellectual Context:  The model emerged during the peak of  process-product research  in the 1970s and early 80s, which sought to identify specific teacher ...

    ASSURE Model – History, Components & Design, Current Implementation in Education What is the ASSURE Model ? The  ASSURE Model  is an  instructional design model  that guides instructors and designers through a systematic process for creating effective, technology-integrated lessons. Its name is an acronym for its six sequential steps. It is celebrated for its practicality and strong focus on  selecting and using media and technology appropriately  to engage learners. History & Origins Developed in the 1990s  by  Sharon Smaldino, James Russell, Robert Heinich, and Michael Molenda . It was created as a more  classroom-practical adaptation  of general instructional systems design (like ADDIE ) for teachers and trainers. The model was prominently featured in the influential textbook  "Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning"  (Heinich, Molenda, Russe...

    ADDIE Model – History, Components & Design What is the ADDIE Model? ADDIE is a structured, systematic instructional design (ID) framework used to create effective learning experiences. The acronym stands for its five core phases:  Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.  While often presented as a linear waterfall process, in practice it is highly iterative, with feedback loops between stages. History & Evolution The ADDIE model's origins are deeply rooted in mid-20th-century military and systems engineering approaches in the United States. 1950s-1960s:  The foundational concepts emerged from post-war military training models developed for the U.S. Armed Forces. The need for efficient, standardized, and large-scale training programs led to a systematic "systems approach" to training (SAT). 1975:  The term "ADDIE" itself was coined by  Florida State University's Center for Educational ...

  📘 National Policy for Persons with Disabilities – 2006   Introduction The Government of India formulated the National Policy for Persons with Disabilities (NPPD) in 2006 to ensure equal opportunities, full participation, and protection of rights for persons with disabilities (PwDs). It aligns with the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD – 2006) . Objectives of the Policy To create an inclusive society by removing discrimination. To ensure equal rights, opportunities, and dignity . To promote rehabilitation, education, and barrier-free access . To increase participation in social, cultural, political, and economic life . Focus Areas / Key Components A. Prevention of Disabilities Awareness about nutrition, immunization, genetic counselling. Early detection and intervention. Screening of infants and children. B. Rehabilitation Measures Three major types: Physical Rehabilitation A...